Internal-combustion engine.



H. F. FRANKLIN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION iEl"-lGlf=IEn APPLICATION FILED DECUE, i915.

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Patented Feb. 5, 1918.

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F. FRANKLIN. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED name. I916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- I The ii'esulling; mlvonioge sures Within the explosion merits in Combo. ill l lo mes. of which the g" is fiQQClIllCfliIh-fl, roles enceheing; hurl to lhenccoropen drowing's forming a port hereof.

'ilf'his invention relates to internal com hustion engines of the 'lourcycle type. in origin oi? -lhis character using roizory r ish. or pislon valves i'lie Wolves ore generally exposed. to compression incl explosion pres chamber. The presen'l; invention has for one of its objects to protect the inlet and exhsuss valves against such pressures Within the Worhi cylinders by inlcrposing o. moslerymlre lietween the inlet and exhaust--valves oimllhe explosion chamber. in lrnoi constructions the clearances of the controlling wolves must he very small overcome icoloige and ther :lf'ore il; is cli'lllcult to con'ipensolo properly "for expansion. and contraction of th ese valves slicer chonging temperatures oncl yet prevent leakage.

in the improved. construo lion the hi. oil the controlling valves piioper may be considerably looser than heretofore since these valves are not relied upon to maintain the pressures within the cylinder.

from this construcilion is iahui; the msnufoclui'e foil the ports is siirnplcr the lubrication eosior, the liooilily to Wear considerably reduced and the hoirling of the pressure insured.

in moclern fourcycle engines using pup pet solves the valve area is necessorilv lllTL itecl unless the engine is oil the or 'll iyige in which case the ellecliiv'e pressure of the fpislon is necessorily reduced. in accordance "with the prcsens invention the master valve in the cylinder heucl may he substantially of the some diameter as the piston so that o inatiiirmnn Volvo ores is secured and the entire explosive charge directly over the piston thereby preventing; (lissipnr lion of the explosive lorce.

A further advantage of the improved construction is that by employing a single mos leer-valve for both the exhaust oncl the iolel. ports in addition lo the usual controlling valves; this master valve may have its speed rcclucecl to one half the speed oil"? the valves ordinarily einployccl, This Volvo operls lin Illlllfillih iicriul l lo 1355,8242.

from the crank shall and is so filmed successive oted, 11.5 to remain open during lZWO strokes of the piston and remain closed cluring the other two successive strokes In this way lzhe valve is required. so make only one complete reciprocation. during one com. plete involution oil she crank sholill. Urcli :oorily the controlling valves of on engine are rcquireil to make one complete reciprocation during;- one half of a. lfeVOlllillOll of the crank shaft. A. further object of the invention. is to improve four-cycle engines by prorlu ing a higher moon eii'ective prossnrc o simple and ellicient devices which insure the automatic introduction into the cylinder of on explosive gas as o pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. So for as is known. -lhe creation oil on initial pres sure the Working qylincler of an internal combustion engine has been accomplished heretofore only through the use of auxiliary compress-ore in which either the h lrocorloon or the 'oir or both have been forced. into (the cylinder. in the improved engine the @i ljIllOSl'VG, i'nix'lurc Zc'fifil its creation is forcc'cl into 'lhe Working; cylinder from o suitable reservoir unrlcr pressure cr'eotecl in the crank case by the downward movement of lhe piston. The valves in this engine are all so consli'uclecl om} iiilnecl that While the usual cycle oi? operations is going on Within the woiizing cylinder the piston acting as o com iirossoi' with relation to the crank chainloer carrying on automatically the necessorry operations for thefoiinoflion, storage {incl ii'lcrmluction oi the explosive mixture injlo on Working; cylinder. Suitable em hoclimcnts oi the invention. for attaining the stated results are shown in the accompanyinc; drawings by Way of illustration. and the delsils of such enihociin'ienls will be pointed out at length in connection with the ciescrin lion of the drawings. in Which- Figure 1 is 21 fragmentary View in section. of n iour cycle engine couippcil Wilhfche in provccl muster valve ancl with a single "valve for controlling the inlcl'. and exhaust.

2 is a view in vertical section taken through on engine ha ving o somei' hot modi :iieci valve control from that shown in hi 1 hut operating on zhe inclurling, in addition, devices for introducing the mixture into the cylinder under pressure by thencltion of the piston.

lFi g. is fragmentary View in section of o. portion oil the crook casing of on engine some principle and provided with a slightly modified form of valve for controlling the introduction of the explosive mixture into the storage chamber therefor.

Before considering the complete engine illustrated in Fig. 2 a description of the improved valve control per sea, as disclosed in Fig. 1, will be set forth so that an under" standing of this phase of the invention alone will be gotten. As the description proceeds it will be evident that changes in the com s'trnction and arrangement of inlet and exhaust passages, valve chambers, actuating elements for the valves and the valves themselves may be made without changing the principle of operation which it is the province of this application to cover. As shown in Fig. 1, for instance, the cylinder (1- is illustrated as having formed integral therewith i1'..et and exhaust passages b, 0, respectively, both leading to a port a in the cylinder head and both controlled by a single rotary valve a? interposed in said. passages. In the cylinder port a, which may be of relatively great diameter to permit aquick inflow and discharge of gases, there is disposed a" poppet valve e, the stem of which is operatively engaged by a spring 7 and also by a. rocker arm gby means of which the valve may be unseatcd against the action of the spring. Movement is imparted to the rocker arm by means of a suitable am 65 which may be mounted on the shaft with the zotary valve (2, rotative movement being imparted to both the valve and the cam shaft through suitable gearing engaged operatively with the crank shaft in a manner which is well known, and which insures proper timin The explosive mixture entering through the inlet chamber B may be derived from any available source such as a carburetor, indicated conventionally at it.

In opeation it will be evident that the master valve 6 need only be unseated during the successive exhaust and intake strokes and that it may remain seated during the compression and working strokes of the piston. Since this valve controls both the, introduction of fresh gases and the expulsion oi? burnt gases, its controlling cam cZ may be so dcsi 'ned as to drive it at a. speed which would be said to be hall ot the speed of the crank shaft. Obviously such rel. pet valve is highly dcsi able and one which cannot be obtained in engines of known types in which the exhaust and the inlet valves must operate to effect the proper cycle of operations. The rotary valve d ro tates in a clockwise direction, as seen in Fi 1, and is so timed that its controlling port d will place the exhaust manifold 0 and the inlet manifold?) in communication with the working cylinder at the intended time and when the master valve 0 is open. When the ivcly slow speed of the controlling pupmaster valve e is closed it is evidently immaterial as to what position the valve d assumes with relation to the ports Z, c.

The advantages of the described construction reside in the slower speeds at which the valves may be operated, the great port are'a achieved by disposing a sing e master valve 6 in the cylinder head. the compactness and simplicity of the construction, the reduction of the number of moving parts and the free and complete scavenging afforded the cylinder by reason of the unrestricted discharge passagc. Another equally important result achieved is the complete protection of the inlet and exhaust valves from the heat and the high pressures created in the work ing cylinders. This protection permits these valves to be efi'ectively cooled, of relatively light construction, free of carbon and, there fore, necessarily certain in operation and durable.

If conditions of use *arrant the inlet and exhaust passages may each be provided with its own valve, as is brought out clearly in Fig. 2. In this figure. the cylinder A is formed with a port A controlled by a was ter puppet a alvc E but the exhaust passage C is formed independent of the inlet passage B and each of these passages has its own valve I). These valves may dillcr by having the exhaust valve D l'ormcd as a tubular member to receive the dead cases. while the inlet valve B may be formed as a plus. valve through which passes a port l) ol suitable area. .l'lotaiive movement is imparted to both of the controlling valv s l) and to the actuating cam D for the master valve E. by suitable driving connections with the crank shaft and all of these rotaiivc elements may be intergoared, as indicated in dotted lines. The operation of the parts thus far described will be identical with the operation pointed out in connection with the embmlin'urnt shown in Fig. 1. lhc cngzinc shown in Fig. 2 has embodied in it the improved means for bringing about coniprc sion of. the explosive mixture at the time of its iuiroducthm into the cylinder lUl(l(l the influence of the piston so that a higher mean ellcclive pressure may he acquired duringoperation of the en ginc. in principle. this portion of the inveal-ion isrealized by introducing into the crank case by the suction caused therein by the upwardly traveling; piston, theconslit uents of'the explosive mixture, either separately or in association. This explosive mixture is then forced from the crank case by the downwardly traveling piston into a suitable storage chamber from whence it is subsequently forced into the working cylinder by the combined action of the suction there-- in and the pressure behind the mixture set up in the crank case by the succeeding down stroke of the piston. In the illustrated embodiment the storage chamber a? for the ex- Ill) lllll it dent. Communicating with the oil lit of gases. Having seen from the tiesill-i ,storetl ii plosive mixture is tormeol integral "'1 the Walls of the cylinder A, although is evi dent that this chamber might be torroecl ill dependent of the cylinder. lo possir I it should be noted that the reason to wing the chamber integral with the cylirioe Well is because of the eheapioess of manufacture, compactness of parts and the ed "eons heating of the mixture in the chair 0y clirect radiation. The communication between the storage chamber a and the creiili; ease is controlled by at suitable rotary valve '5 in Which is a olismetrieol port 6 sa t to establish and interrupt this cornmimication periodicsllyin a manner which Will evi er a for the valve 6 is an air inlet p21 e 7:- meet on 011 llljQCiJlQIl passage .Z'throug Oll may be toreerl unelerpressure ire tzmlr m. lnthe valved are fern olilcts i'vliich register periodically wi oil passage Z for the introduction o oil Since, {18 is the fact, the valve some from the crank shaft of the this valve Will he tinierl syriclironousl; tion to the Working piston and. ti ling rslveslii tor the inflow ot' the embodiment shown in Fig. l jot the inlet and exhaust valves cooperate Villlll -'the roaster retire to control the cycle] oil operations, it will he suflicieiit to point out just how the supplementary to m is tiniest with relation to the piston. the control of the explosive mixture in motion and in its introduction into the stoi age chamber a? The alve ro counter clockwise direction. As th are shown in Fig. 2 the piston is begin its intake stroke. The iolr is about to open. Before the pist its intake stroke the port 2" Wl communication between the crank the storage chamber a Whereupor iii the crank case will be forcecl no sure into said chamber, @11 the compression stroke of the piston, b will serve to establish comm tween the sir port is anti the case. *G'n the Working stroke of t" the port 2" will again establis-i ice-- tion between crook case aricl the Work-- "When the port i1 is in this position, the rluct i registers with the oil injection nozzle Z so that the tore-ed from the smelt case through the 1" the storage chamber picks up, eerhon received through the forms therewith an explosive some the ehemher of". W. upwsr on its exheo v sh. supply of so drawn. into ti resetliroogggh the port 12 terriere i storage chamber 55 in this oonst s that the piston will suck sir intothe orsnlrp?" that he inlet l} is so timed with .tlon to the compressorralve i that the in,v tended operations will telre place 111 proper of the intake stroke commonioetion will he established hetweehtlie creel: cse seal the chamber a sothst the compressive :loroe of the piston will insure the rieli'very oi the charge into tl e Working cylinder at on initial. Pressure "rs ell shove stmospherie pressure. Subsequent compression of this charge in the cylim ler will insure e ier mean etEective pressure for s given piston strolren i113 thereis sh owri e somewhat mortifieclform of valve for controlling the es sageof the ceroprssecl mixture the is supposed that the iiorrr'reel at e oerhiirote 'tionzilly at H to so therefrom will he telrtri through the roteryi elve forced loythe piston lilfillfl the cram into thestoregethomher o throogl; i. 1 metrical tort l. ff'iihe valve his, es l properly timed with relation to the 11o iog piston we the ot. ooiitrollie l) shown in l a 52 The same oompressioii ot the preiorinerl olotsioetl here .totore rlescriherl with s resulting higher too mean effective pressor Changes of rl' suggested liereiiiheiore my rustle try one slrilleol iii the out ehsogiiig the function of? sny o ."t' A :irts either siragly rot in eomhirie'tioo or all such. oi sign ore to timed Within the spirit of this irive "oirf tqrovirieel the terl oh ieets are SQtZUl'Ei-llji the meehsoi ot the elements reeit claims;

in en to i otrooloce the exp crank case, it store cation With the ilr mitt cylinder, on inlet valve to to el'ill. o of the charge to the W master valve be e valve, the I 11 eylintler and root] gases past relives to one e wsioer, ll'r" dependent valve to eootrol mo. flee time between cram. one the storage ehomhein in or. iiiteroel oomhi: kllitl oil inlet pr the orenk ease, it I i. toiioicetioo the l. 2; ll

wox'ki ng'cylindet, whereby izhe charge may be forced under pressure mm the storage [chamber from the crank case by the pistan, f-.;a va1ve to control the communication be tWEGIifillQStOIfigB chamber and the work ;1y ihder and an inependeni: rotary *sralva providedwi'th passages for contra ling 't' a inflow of air and fuel into the crank case an?! the ca'mmmxicution bchvecn the crank case and the storage chamber. 10

This specification signed this M11 day of December 1916.

HUKKERT F. FRANKLIN 

